However, the country faces several challenges. It is often assumed that Niger is less overrun by armed groups than its neighbors Mali and Burkina Faso. This can be seen clearly in Niger’s Tillaberi and Tahoua regions, the eastern parts of Burkina Faso, and central Mali ( see figure below ). Renewed engagement in local conflicts has allowed jihadist militant groups to enlarge their scope of action, reassert their influence, remobilize, and gain resources to rebuild. The report finds that both the Islamic State in the Greater Sahara (ISGS) and the Al Qaeda-affiliated Jama’at Nusrat Al Islam Wal Muslimin (JNIM) have shifted their efforts to geographic areas beyond the immediate reach of external forces in the face of military pressure in the tri-state border region (or Liptako-Gourma). It concludes with a review of the wider Sahel region.
This report looks at the patterns of violence in Niger, Burkina Faso, and Mali. Despite the transnational nature of the crisis, each country has experienced different patterns of violence and transformations in the midst of a protracted conflict. In 2021, the Sahel crisis entered its tenth year.
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